Last Days of Astana (First Days of Nur-Sultan)

My three weeks in Astana and three weeks in Nur-Sultan are over.

Midway through my six week TDY (temporary duty) assignment in the capital, the president resigned. This is a big deal. In addition to being the last state of the USSR to formally leave the USSR, Kazakhstan was also the last of the former soviet states run by its soviet leader. Many Kazakhstanis have no memory of any other president.

The cult of personality around President Nursultan Nazarbayev maybe doesn’t quite compare to Castro or Atatürk, but you don’t have to go far to find buildings and streets named Nazarbayev, or a photo, statue, or painting of the father of the nation.

He announced his decision to step down right before the Nauryz holiday, comparable to making a big announcement on Christmas Eve, when people are too preoccupied with festivities to go out and protest (there were still protests)

In the long term we have no idea what the impacts will be. It is unclear how much power the President is really giving up: he still retains key posts in the government, including head of the dominant political party and chairman of the security council. 

In the near term it meant that I was in Astana in its final days. Because the new president’s first act was to propose renaming Astana “Nur-Sultan,” (everyone is confused by the hyphen) in honor of the outgoing president.

Imagine how long it would take for a proposal like that to work itself through the channels of American democracy. Not in Kazakhstan! The name change was official that weekend.

The weather was slower to change but that did happen too. When I arrived, Astana was bitterly cold and windy. Walking from the street-side sidewalk to my apartment building’s front door meant navigating a literal ice field across the courtyard. But by the days of Nur-Sultan, most of the ice had melted and, with the help of human and machine snow removers, I could walk without fear.

Removing the last of the ice rink

Here are a few miscellaneous memories I’m bringing back from the capital city.

The Opera

The opera house is, like most everything in Astana, a recent creation. In a smaller hall I saw a fun concert in honor of the Welsh National Day and in the main hall, the production of Turandot (live horse on stage!).

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Discovering Tselinograd

Before there was Astana or Nur-Sultan there was Tselinograd. The Kazakhstan capital is so overwhelmingly new and shiny that you might not even realize there is an “old town,” mostly built by the soviets. But I found it and kinda loved it.

 

Remembering My Place

Some days I get grumpy about Kazakhstan. Like when my (American) expectations about what constitutes good customer service have not been met at the grocery store. 

But soon after that happened, I entered a tiny museum in the less touristed part of town (see Tselinograd, above), dedicated to one of Kazakhstan’s greatest literary figures.

A man and his maybe 8-year old son were in the entryway as I was navigating paying for admission with my non-existent Russian. The man asked where I was from. “America,” I said*. He nudged his son and murmured “America.” The boy’s eyes got really wide and his mouth even dropped open a little bit before breaking into a giant smile. The man, his son, and the woman selling tickets all managed to tell me, in very limited English, how impressed they were that an American had shown up on their doorstep. I am keenly aware that not everyone in this world is as happy as all that to see an American on their doorstep. And I felt ashamed of my earlier bad attitude. I am a guest in this country!  I am lucky to be welcomed and should strive to act as polite as when I am a guest in someone’s home. And if I encounter frustrating post-soviet supermarket produce protocol, I need to not grumble at the checkout clerk but remember that I want to live up to all the expectations about America that were in that boy’s excited grin. 

 

More Architecture

 

And Finally…The Pineapple Lamp

Government contracts are funny. In theory, they are a good thing. U.S. Foreign Service should purchase all their furniture from American companies. But sometimes companies that get fat government contracts don’t…try their hardest?

Over and over again I heard about one specifically hideous piece, reviled by all Foreign Service personnel everywhere. But only in my Astana apartment did I finally encounter, in person, the infamous pineapple lamp:

Pineapple Lamp

The least beloved piece in the entire Foreign Service furniture collection

 

*I prefer to say “United States” and not claim two entire continents as my own, but I’ve learned that few understand me when I say that. So “America” it is. Sorry Canada, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, et al! 

I’m in Astana…or am I?

In mid-February US Mission Kazakhstan welcomed our new ambassador. He arrived sans Office Manager so a plan was hatched to “borrow” me from Almaty to temp for him in the Astana embassy.

I am always up to travel to a new place and was excited to see more of Kazakhstan but winter is…not the ideal time to visit?

Still, you take what you can get. I’m here for six weeks courtesy of #yourtaxpayerdollarsatwork and want to make the most of it, provided I can avoid a slip trip and fall that ends my Foreign Service career early.

Astana ice

Astana’s sidewalk snow removal work often ends abruptly, forcing pedestrians to navigate very carefully

 

Astana is not exactly a historied city. Most of it dates only as far back as what historians call the age of Britney+Justin.

Okay, I admit that archaeologists have found cool artifacts from Nomadic groups that go way back. But it wasn’t until a Russian military fortification was built in 1830 that people tried to live here year round.

They named the first settlement Akmoly, from a Kazakh word meaning “white grave.” Comforting!

Soviet Poster Virgin Lands Campaign

In Soviet times Akmoly saw a mini-building boom when it became an administrative center for Khrushchev’s Virgin Lands Campaign. It was still a backwater but it was a backwater renamed Tselinograd, “city of the virgin lands.”

Then came 1997, when the first (and until this week, only) president of independent Kazakhstan moved the seat of government here and changed the city’s name of to Astana, which means “capital city” in Kazakh.

But hang on! On Wednesday President Nursultan Nazarbayev resigned after 30 years in power, handing the reigns to an interim president whose first act was to declare that Astana be renamed Nursultan. I am unclear when this goes into effect. Am I in Astana now or Nursultan City?

The resignation is major news for Kazakhstan and we’ve only begun to digest it. I’m sure I’ll have more thoughts later. For now I am still trying to learn about where I am, whatever it’s called.

Why did Almaty lose out on capital city status? Reported reasons vary. Unlike Almaty, Astana is on an expansive flat plan with little to no seismic activity. Also, Astana is a lot closer to Russia and maybe there have been times Kazakhstan wanted to plant a flag to show their neighbor how serious they are about maintaining current borders. Times likes when Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote about “Rebuilding Russia” using parts of Kazakhstan as post-Soviet Lincoln Logs.

 

The capital of city of the Kazakh SSR was Almaty. These days the former Government House of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic has been re-purposed into a university.

 

Whatever the reason(s), this northern city has gone from provincial capital to real capital in just 20 years. It’s full of wild and wacky buildings designed by world-renowned architects, funded with oil and gas money. Hence the nickname, Dubai of the steppe.

In addition to being built on a pancake-flat plain, the city spans two sides of a river, has lots of parks, and is so forking cold and snowy and icy that it is barely habitable for humans. Maybe it could also be called Minneapolis of the steppe?

 

What to do with all that snow? Build a sledding hill in the parking lot of your high rise apartment building.

 

One bummer about being here in the winter, besides the cold, is that it is often gray. On sunny days the city literally sparkles, due to Astana’s unwavering commitment to the color gold. I caught glimpses of the shine but sadly have had to be mostly satisfied with muted bling.

 

While I have to imagine what a different city this is between summer and winter, I have seen firsthand what a different city comes out at night. Quite a contrast.

Hazrat Sultan Mosque

Palace of Peace and Harmony

 

Shabyt Palace of Arts, aka “the dog bowl”

 

Khan Shatyr Shopping Mall

 

National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

All of Astana’s focus on new, shiny and bright might make you think there’s no historic sightseeing to be done. There is, but it’s not shiny and bright.

Just outside the city limits is the ALZhIR memorial and museum, on the site of the the Akmola Labor Camp for the Wives of the Betrayers of the Homeland, the USSR’s largest gulag for women. Generally the women’s only crime was to be related to men (usually husbands but sometimes sons) who had themselves been arrested on what might well be trumped up charges.

From the 1930s-50s women were shipped into Kazakhstan from all over the USSR–Georgia, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, etc. They lived in wood and adobe brick barracks and raised their children until those children were deemed old enough to be sent away, often for adoption by new families.

Today the site of the camp is a memorial to all victims of political repression, with special emphasis on the struggles of Kazakhs, including the famine of 1930-33 and the uprising of 1986, and extra special emphasis on the women who once lived right here.

 

The Kazakhs have done an excellent job creating an informative and respectful memorial and museum.

And to avoid ending on a completely depressing note, here’s a nod to Nursultan City/Astana’s current identity. The identity of a people who have never seen a light show they didn’t embrace.